Bash Commands
| uname -a |
Show system and kernel |
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| head -n1 /etc/issue |
Show distribution |
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| mount |
Show mounted filesystems |
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| date |
Show system date |
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| uptime |
Show uptime |
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| whoami |
Show your username |
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| man command |
Show manual for command |
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Bash Shortcuts
| CTRL-c |
Stop current command |
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| CTRL-z |
Sleep program |
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| CTRL-a |
Go to start of line |
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| CTRL-e |
Go to end of line |
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| CTRL-u |
Cut from start of line |
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| CTRL-k |
Cut to end of line |
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| CTRL-r |
Search history |
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| !! |
Repeat last command |
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| !abc |
Run last command starting with abc |
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| !abc:p |
Print last command starting with abc |
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| !$ |
Last argument of previous command |
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| !* |
All arguments of previous command |
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| ^abc^123 |
Run previous command, replacing abc with 123 |
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Bash Variables
| env |
Show environment variables |
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| echo $NAME |
Output value of $NAME variable |
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| export NAME=value |
Set $NAME to value |
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| $PATH |
Executable search path |
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| $HOME |
Home directory |
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| $SHELL |
Current shell |
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IO Redirection
| command < file |
Read input of command from file |
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| command > file |
Write output of command to file |
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| command > /dev/null |
Discard output of command |
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| command >> file |
Append output to file |
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| command1 | command2 |
Pipe output of command1 to command2 |
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Directory Operations
| pwd |
Show current directory |
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| mkdir dir |
Make directory dir |
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| cd dir |
Change directory to dir |
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| cd .. |
Go up a directory |
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| ls |
List files |
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ls Options
| -a |
Show all (including hidden) |
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| -R |
Recursive list |
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| -r |
Reverse order |
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| -t |
Sort by last modified |
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| -S |
Sort by file size |
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| -l |
Long listing format |
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| -1 |
One file per line |
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| -m |
Comma-separated output |
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| -Q |
Quoted output |
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Search Files
| grep pattern files |
Search for pattern in files |
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| grep -i |
Case insensitive search |
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| grep -r |
Recursive search |
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| grep -v |
Inverted search |
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| find /dir/ -name name* |
Find files starting with name in dir |
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| find /dir1/ -name '*name*' -maxdepth 1 -type f -exec mv {} /dir2/ \;
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Find files having name in dir1 (no recursive) moving them to dir2 |
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| find /dir/ -user name |
Find files owned by name in dir |
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| find /dir/ -mmin num |
Find files modifed less than num minutes ago in dir |
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| whereis command |
Find binary / source / manual for command |
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| locate file |
Find file (quick search of system index) |
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File Operations
| touch file1 |
Create file1 |
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| cat file1 file2 |
Concatenate files and output |
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| less file1 |
View and paginate file1 |
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| file file1 |
Get type of file1 |
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| cp file1 file2 |
Copy file1 to file2 |
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| mv file1 file2 |
Move file1 to file2 |
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| rm file1 |
Delete file1 |
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| head file1 |
Show first 10 lines of file1 |
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| tail file1 |
Show last 10 lines of file1 |
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| tail -f file1 |
Output last lines of file1 as it changes |
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Process Management
| ps |
Show snapshot of processes |
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| top |
Show real time processes |
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| kill pid |
Kill process with id pid |
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| pkill name |
Kill process with name name |
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| killall name |
Kill all processes with names beginning name |
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| |
Nano Shortcuts
| Files |
| Ctrl-R |
Read file |
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| Ctrl-O |
Save file |
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| Ctrl-X |
Close file |
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| Cut and Paste |
| ALT-A |
Start marking text |
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| CTRL-K |
Cut marked text or line |
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| CTRL-U |
Paste text |
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| Navigate File |
| ALT-/ |
End of file |
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| CTRL-A |
Beginning of line |
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| CTRL-E |
End of line |
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| CTRL-C |
Show line number |
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| CTRL-_ |
Go to line number |
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| Search File |
| CTRL-W |
Find |
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| ALT-W |
Find next |
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| CTRL-\ |
Search and replace |
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More nano info at:
http://www.nano-editor.org/docs.php
Screen Shortcuts
| screen |
Start a screen session. |
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| screen -r |
Resume a screen session. |
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| screen -list |
Show your current screen sessions. |
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| CTRL-A |
Activate commands for screen. |
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| CTRL-A c |
Create a new instance of terminal. |
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| CTRL-A n |
Go to the next instance of terminal. |
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| CTRL-A p |
Go to the previous instance of terminal. |
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| CTRL-A " |
Show current instances of terminals. |
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| CTRL-A A |
Rename the current instance. |
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More screen info at:
http://www.gnu.org/software/screen/
File Permissions
| chmod 775 file |
Change mode of file to 775 |
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| chmod -R 600 folder |
Recursively chmod folder to 600 |
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| chown user:group file |
Change file owner to user and group to group |
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File Permission Numbers
| The first digit is the owner permission, the second the group and the third for everyone. |
| Calculate each of the three permission digits by adding the numeric values of the permissions below. |
| 4 |
read (r) |
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| 2 |
write (w) |
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| 1 |
execute (x) |
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